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Instrumentation Amplifier

Instrumentation Amplifier

An electrocardiography (ECG) machine is an essential piece of medical equipment used to monitor the electrical activity of the heart. It operates by detecting small electrical changes on the skin that result from the depolarization of the heart muscle during each heartbeat. However, these signals are in the microvolt range and can be easily overwhelmed by noise or interference.
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A Procedure for Implanting Organized Arrays of Microwires for Single-unit Recordings in Awake, Behaving Animals

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A sub-microwatt asynchronous level-crossing ADC for biomedical applications.

Yongjia Li¹, Duan Zhao, Wouter A Serdijn

¹Biomedical Electronics Group, Delft University of Technology, 2628CD Delft, The Netherlands. y.li-1@tudelft.nl

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

|July 16, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a low-power continuous-time level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) for biomedical signals. It offers reduced complexity and power consumption compared to traditional uniform-sampling ADCs.

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Signal Processing

Background:

Biomedical signals are often sparse, making traditional uniform-sampling analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) inefficient.
Existing level-crossing ADCs (LC-ADCs) offer advantages but can be complex and power-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel continuous-time LC-ADC optimized for biomedical applications.
To reduce power consumption and design complexity compared to conventional LC-ADCs.

Main Methods:

Implemented a 1-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) instead of an n-bit DAC.
Utilized split level-crossing detections.
Employed a fixed comparison window.
Designed and fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology.

Main Results:

Achieved a chip area of 220 × 203 μm².
Operated at a low supply voltage of 0.8 V.
Demonstrated power consumption between 313–582 nW for signals from 5 Hz to 5 kHz.
Attained an effective number of bits (ENOB) up to 7.9 bits.

Conclusions:

The proposed LC-ADC offers a power-efficient and less complex solution for sparse biomedical signal acquisition.
This design is suitable for low-power biomedical applications requiring efficient analog-to-digital conversion.