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CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-In Amplifier With Integrated Phototransistor Array.

An Hu, Vamsy P Chodavarapu

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

|July 16, 2013

Summary

We developed an optoelectronic lock-in amplifier (LIA) for optical sensing. This LIA demonstrates high sensitivity and linearity, making it suitable for precise optical measurements.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Instrumentation
Semiconductor device physics

Background:

Optical sensing and spectroscopy require sensitive and accurate signal processing.
Traditional lock-in amplifiers can be bulky and expensive.
Integration of lock-in amplification functionality into optoelectronic systems offers miniaturization and improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and develop a novel optoelectronic lock-in amplifier (LIA) for enhanced optical sensing and spectroscopy.
To demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating an integrated LIA using standard semiconductor technology.
To characterize the performance of the developed LIA in terms of sensitivity, linearity, and dynamic range.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a prototype LIA using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. 0.35-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology.
Utilization of a phototransistor array for optical-to-electrical conversion.
Implementation of a transimpedance amplifier, filters, and a phase-locked loop (PLL) for signal processing.
Testing the system with a light-emitting diode (LED) source and measuring output voltage versus optical power.

Main Results:

The LIA operates effectively in the 13 kHz to 25 kHz range, optimized for 20 kHz modulation.
Achieved minimum dynamic reserve of 1.31 dB and sensitivity of 34 mV/μW.
Demonstrated good linearity in the output voltage versus incident optical power relationship.
The developed LIA exhibits low power consumption (12.79 mW) with a 3.3-V supply.

Conclusions:

The developed optoelectronic lock-in amplifier is a viable solution for advanced optical sensing and spectroscopy.
The integrated design offers high sensitivity, linearity, and noise suppression.
The LIA's performance metrics indicate its suitability for various optical measurement applications requiring precise signal detection.