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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Mapping the pattern and trends of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

S Rama Prakasha1, G Suresh, Ivor Peter D'sa

  • 1Department of Medicine, KSHEMA, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes a significant portion of all tuberculosis cases, particularly in productive age groups. There is a concerning rise in bone and joint tuberculosis, necessitating enhanced healthcare services.

Keywords:
Directly observed treatment short-courseExtrapulmonary tuberculosisIndiaRevised national tuberculosis control program

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Published on: February 16, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Directly Observed Treatment Short-Term (DOTS) program has expanded significantly in India.
  • Limited data exists on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) experiences within medical college hospital DOTS centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of EPTB cases treated at a medical college hospital DOTS center.
  • To identify trends and specific site involvement of EPTB in different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, record-based study of consecutive EPTB cases diagnosed between January 2005 and December 2011.
  • Data collected from patients at K. S. Hegde Medical College and Hospital DOTS center.
  • Statistical analysis using Mantel-Haenszel Chi square for linear trend.

Main Results:

  • EPTB accounted for 41.67% of all tuberculosis cases (528 out of 1267).
  • Pleural TB (28.03%) and lymph node TB (24.81%) were the most common forms.
  • Lymph node involvement was highest in children (<14 years), while pleural TB was more common in the elderly (>65 years). A statistically significant difference in EPTB site occurrence was observed between males and females (P <0.005).
  • A significant increasing trend in bone and joint tuberculosis and other rare EPTB forms was noted over the study period.

Conclusions:

  • EPTB disproportionately affects the productive age group.
  • The rising incidence of bone and joint tuberculosis and rare EPTB forms is a significant concern.
  • Strengthening EPTB services, particularly for these emerging trends, is crucial.