Changes in body composition predict homocysteine changes and hyperhomocysteinemia in Korea

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Health
• Metabolic Research
• Human Physiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality in Korea.
• Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent CVD risk factor, comparable to smoking and hyperlipidemia.
• Understanding factors influencing homocysteine (Hcy) levels is crucial for CVD prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of cardiovascular risk factors and body composition changes on Hcy levels in Korean adults.
• To explore the relationship between body composition metrics and Hcy concentrations over a two-year period.
• To identify predictors of hyperhomocysteinemia within the Korean population.

Main Methods:

• A 2-year prospective cohort study involving 2,590 Korean participants (mean age 45.5±9.6 years).
• Assessment of body composition (total body fat proportion, lean body mass - LBM) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels.
• Statistical analysis controlling for confounding and behavioral factors to determine associations.

Main Results:

• Increased total body fat proportion and decreased LBM were significantly associated with elevated Hcy concentrations.
• Decreased LBM independently predicted higher Hcy levels and hyperhomocysteinemia at follow-up.
• Changes in BMI or weight did not predict Hcy level changes; however, changes in LBM and body fat content were related to Hcy fluctuations.

Conclusions:

• Body composition changes, particularly a decrease in LBM and an increase in body fat, are significant contributors to elevated Hcy levels.
• The ratio of LBM to total fat mass may play a role in the development of hyperhomocysteinemia.
• These findings highlight the importance of monitoring body composition for CVD risk assessment in the Korean population.