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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish
07:00

Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish

Published on: October 8, 2018

Ethnic variation in inflammatory profile in tuberculosis.

Anna K Coussens1, Robert J Wilkinson, Vladyslav Nikolayevskyy

  • 1Division of Mycobacterial Research, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.

Plos Pathogens
|July 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis patients of African ancestry show distinct inflammatory profiles compared to those of Eurasian ancestry, linked to host genetics, not bacterial strain. These differences impact treatment response and highlight the need for diverse study populations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish
07:00

Modeling Tuberculosis in Mycobacterium marinum Infected Adult Zebrafish

Published on: October 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains vary by host ancestry, influencing disease and inflammatory responses.
  • Previous studies have not characterized ethnic variations in inflammatory profiles of tuberculosis patients.
  • Host genetic factors and bacterial strains may contribute to differential immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare circulating and antigen-stimulated inflammatory mediator concentrations in tuberculosis patients of African vs. Eurasian ancestry.
  • To investigate the influence of host genotype and MTB strain on these inflammatory profiles.
  • To explore ethnic heterogeneity in inflammatory responses and its association with treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Compared inflammatory profiles (43 mediators, 14 hematological parameters) in 45 African ancestry and 83 Eurasian ancestry pulmonary tuberculosis patients in London.
  • Analyzed circulating and antigen-stimulated mediator concentrations.
  • Investigated associations with host DBP genotype and MTB strain.

Main Results:

  • Patients of African ancestry had distinct inflammatory profiles, including lower neutrophil counts and different serum mediator concentrations (e.g., CCL2, CCL5, DBP).
  • Higher antigen-stimulated IL-1 receptor antagonist and IL-12 secretion was observed in patients of African ancestry.
  • Differences were linked to host DBP genotype variation, not MTB strain variation.
  • Ethnic inflammatory differences intensified post-treatment, with varied immunological correlates of MTB clearance.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated significant ethnic heterogeneity in tuberculosis patient inflammatory profiles, primarily driven by host genetic variation.
  • Host genetic factors, specifically DBP genotype, play a crucial role in shaping inflammatory responses in tuberculosis.
  • Future immunodiagnostics and biomarkers for tuberculosis treatment response must be validated across diverse ethnic groups.