Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation01:25

Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

Hyperventilation refers to a higher-than-normal rate and depth of breathing, often associated with anxiety attacks. This excessive breathing surpasses the body's need to expel CO2, leading to a condition known as hypocapnia - an unusually low level of carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypocapnia can constrict cerebral blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the brain, which may result in dizziness or fainting. Early signs include tingling and muscle spasms in the hands and face, caused by falling...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Deep Sea Microbial Ecology01:18

Deep Sea Microbial Ecology

The deep ocean and its underlying sediments represent vast, largely unexplored microbial habitats that extend far beyond the sunlit photic zone. The photic (euphotic) zone typically spans the upper ~100–200 meters of pelagic waters in the open ocean, but its depth varies geographically and seasonally, where sufficient light supports photosynthetic life. Below this lies the deep sea, spanning roughly 1000–6000 meters (bathypelagic to abyssal zones), with deeper hadal trenches extending beyond...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of exercise countermeasures on multisystem function in long duration spaceflight astronauts.

NPJ microgravity·2023
Same author

DNA Damage and Radiosensitivity in Blood Cells from Subjects Undergoing 45 Days of Isolation and Confinement: An Explorative Study.

Current issues in molecular biology·2022
Same author

Response of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Mizuna Mustard Seeds to Simulated Space Radiation Exposures.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2022
Same author

The Partial Pressure of Inspired Carbon Dioxide Exposure Levels in the Extravehicular Mobility Unit.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2020
Same author

Efficacy of Gradient Compression Garments in the Hours After Long-Duration Spaceflight.

Frontiers in physiology·2020
Same author

Arterial structure and function during and after long-duration spaceflight.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Modeling Highly Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure in Mice
06:00

Modeling Highly Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure in Mice

Published on: May 24, 2024

Probability of hypobaric decompression sickness including extreme exposures.

Johnny Conkin1, Michael L Gernhardt, Andrew F Abercromby

  • 1Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058-2769, USA. johnny.conkin-1@nasa.gov

Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a model to predict decompression sickness (DCS) probability using decompression dose, gender, and exercise intensity. Higher values in these factors increase DCS risk, with tissue ratio (TR) proving adequate for altitude exposures.

More Related Videos

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

A Strain Gauge Monitor (SGM) for Continuous Valve Gape Measurements in Bivalve Molluscs in Response to Laboratory Induced Diel-cycling Hypoxia and pH
07:59

A Strain Gauge Monitor (SGM) for Continuous Valve Gape Measurements in Bivalve Molluscs in Response to Laboratory Induced Diel-cycling Hypoxia and pH

Published on: August 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Modeling Highly Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure in Mice
06:00

Modeling Highly Repetitive Low-level Blast Exposure in Mice

Published on: May 24, 2024

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

A Strain Gauge Monitor (SGM) for Continuous Valve Gape Measurements in Bivalve Molluscs in Response to Laboratory Induced Diel-cycling Hypoxia and pH
07:59

A Strain Gauge Monitor (SGM) for Continuous Valve Gape Measurements in Bivalve Molluscs in Response to Laboratory Induced Diel-cycling Hypoxia and pH

Published on: August 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Physiology
  • Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Probabilistic decompression sickness (DCS) models benefit from diverse DCS incidence data.
  • The Air Force Research Laboratory Altitude Decompression Sickness Research Database provided data from 708 human altitude chamber exposures.
  • Data included 340 DCS outcomes with incidence ranging from 0% to 88%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a probabilistic model for DCS.
  • To identify key predictors of DCS probability.
  • To evaluate different measures of decompression dose.

Main Methods:

  • Logistic regression and the Hill equation were employed.
  • Decompression dose was defined using tissue ratio (TR) or bubble growth index (BGI).
  • Gender and peak exercise intensity at altitude were included as predictors.

Main Results:

  • Decompression dose, gender, and exercise intensity significantly contributed to the DCS probability model.
  • Higher decompression dose (TR or BGI), male gender, and increased exercise intensity elevated the modeled DCS risk.
  • TR and BGI yielded comparable results for predicting DCS.

Conclusions:

  • A simple tissue ratio (TR) is sufficient for modeling DCS in straightforward altitude exposures.
  • The developed model is heuristic and applicable to 4-hour exposures.
  • Factors like gender and exercise intensity are crucial in DCS risk assessment.