Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tuberculosis before and during COVID-19 Pandemic, United States, 2010-2023.

Emerging infectious diseases·2026
Same author

Opportunities in stroke care at safety net hospitals: A socioecological perspective.

Equity neuroscience·2025
Same author

Progress Toward Tuberculosis Elimination and Tuberculosis Program Performance - National Tuberculosis Indicators Project, 2016-2022.

Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)·2024
Same author

Factors Associated With Receiving Longer Than Recommended Therapy Among Culture-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients.

Open forum infectious diseases·2022
Same author

Epidemiology of Pediatric Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2014.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2017
Same author

Tuberculosis - United States, 2016.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report·2017
Same journal

Effect of artificial intelligence on nursing documentation and patient safety.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Strategies for responding to anger from patients, relatives and carers.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Nurses' role in detecting early and subtle signs of patient deterioration in acute hospitals.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Pulse oximetry: exploring its role, limitations and challenges in clinical practice.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Anorexia nervosa: identification and management by non-specialist nurses.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Skin and soft tissue abscesses: assessment and management.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Hepatitis E virus infection.

Robert Pratt1

  • 1College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London, Brentford. robert.pratt@uwl.ac.uk

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatitis E virus infection, though not well understood globally, causes significant liver disease. This review covers its transmission, endemicity, and risks, particularly for pregnant and immunocompromised individuals.

More Related Videos

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
10:28

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Viral hepatitis represents a major global health burden, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.
  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of acute hepatitis, yet its epidemiology and clinical impact are often underestimated in many regions.
  • HEV infection poses particular risks to vulnerable populations, including pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, leading to severe outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the primary characteristics of the hepatitis E virus.
  • To provide a comprehensive review of global HEV transmission dynamics and endemicity patterns.
  • To examine the diverse clinical manifestations of HEV infection, with a focus on high-risk groups.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on hepatitis E virus.
  • Analysis of global data on HEV transmission routes and geographical distribution.
  • Synthesis of clinical case reports and epidemiological data concerning HEV outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis E is caused by a group of viruses with distinct global distribution patterns.
  • Endemicity and transmission vary significantly by region, influenced by factors such as water sanitation and food practices.
  • Severe complications and higher mortality rates are observed in pregnant women and immunocompromised patients infected with HEV.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis E virus represents an underappreciated yet critical global health challenge.
  • Understanding HEV's transmission and risk factors is essential for effective public health strategies.
  • Targeted prevention and management are crucial for mitigating the severe consequences of HEV infection in vulnerable populations.