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Related Concept Videos

Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain that...
Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Understanding Consciousness01:23

Understanding Consciousness

Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced physical...
Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...

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Colonic ischemia possibly due to resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) used to manage amniotic fluid embolism: a case report.

JA clinical reports·2020
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Updated: May 9, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
11:05

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients

Published on: February 6, 2021

[Impaired consciousness].

Tatsuya Sugino1

  • 1Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hyogo Prefectural Nishinomiya Hospital.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing consciousness disorders in elderly patients is challenging due to multiple contributing factors. Emergency treatment should be prioritized over precise diagnosis in critical cases.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Emergency Medicine

Context:

  • Consciousness disorders are common in clinical practice, particularly among the elderly.
  • Diagnosis and treatment are often complicated by the diverse underlying causes and patient-specific factors in aged individuals.
  • The unique lifestyle and mental health considerations of older adults can further obscure diagnostic clarity.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with consciousness disorders in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the importance of a comprehensive approach for emergency room physicians treating these patients.
  • To underscore the necessity of prioritizing emergency interventions in critical situations.

Summary:

  • Consciousness disorders present frequent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, especially in elderly populations.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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  • Multiple systemic diseases and patient-specific factors, including lifestyle and mental health, complicate accurate diagnosis in older adults.
  • Emergency physicians require a broad perspective and meticulous examination when managing these complex cases.
  • Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic strategies for consciousness disorders in geriatric patients.
    • Enhanced clinical decision-making in emergency settings for impaired consciousness.
    • Better patient outcomes through timely emergency treatment and careful examination.