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Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...

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ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
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Secondary Active Transport

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Bacterial Inner-membrane Display for Screening a Library of Antibody Fragments

Bacterial Inner-membrane Display for Screening a Library of Antibody Fragments

Published on: October 15, 2016

Autotransporter-based cell surface display in Gram-negative bacteria.

Toon Nicolay¹, Jos Vanderleyden, Stijn Spaepen

¹Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics , Leuven , Belgium.

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

|July 17, 2013

Summary

Autotransporter technology enables efficient cell surface display of proteins for biotechnology. This method uses a modular system to express heterologous proteins on bacterial surfaces, with potential applications in biocatalysis and vaccines.

Keywords:

Autodisplay Type V secretion system biotechnology outer membrane protein passenger

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Area of Science:

Microbiology and Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Protein Engineering

Background:

Cell surface display of proteins is crucial for biotechnological applications like screening, biocatalysis, and vaccine development.
Autotransporter secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria offer a promising platform for protein surface display due to their modular design.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the potential of autotransporter-based systems for heterologous protein surface display.
To discuss the critical aspects and applications of autotransporter technology for displaying foreign protein domains on bacterial surfaces.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the modular structure of autotransporters by genetically replacing the passenger domain.
Constructing an autotransporter-based surface expression module with a promoter, signal peptide, passenger domain, and translocation unit.

Main Results:

Autotransporter technology allows for the genetic replacement of passenger domains to display heterologous proteins on the bacterial cell surface.
The compatibility of passenger domains with surface translocation remains a key challenge, lacking general determination rules.

Conclusions:

Autotransporter systems provide a versatile platform for cell surface display, adaptable for various biotechnological needs.
Further research is needed to establish guidelines for ensuring passenger domain compatibility for successful surface translocation and display.