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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology01:24

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the assistance of a microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen, manipulated, measured, and weighed. The word "anatomy" comes from a Greek root that means "to cut apart." Human anatomy was first studied by observing the body's exterior and the wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to dissect the bodies of...
Anatomical Terminology01:20

Anatomical Terminology

Knowledge of anatomy is essential to understand human biology and medicine. Anatomists and health care professionals use standard terminology to describe the human body with more precision and no ambiguity. Anatomical terms have mostly Greek and Latin-derived roots. Because these languages are rarely used in conversation, the meaning of words remains the same. Each term is made up of a root in between the prefixes and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition,...
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Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Glassware Calibration01:11

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Accurate calibration of glassware, such as volumetric flasks, pipettes, and burettes, is essential to ensure accurate measurements in the analytical laboratory. Calibration helps maintain consistency across measurements and prevents errors arising from inaccurate volumes.
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Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

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A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
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Anatomical Movements00:51

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
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Dynamic Navigation for Dental Implant Placement
05:42

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Published on: September 13, 2022

Calibration is both functional and anatomical.

Geoffrey P Bingham1, Jing S Pan1, Mark A Mon-Williams2

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calibration, a process linking perception and action, was found to be both functionally specific and anatomically dependent. This study confirms that limb-specific calibration transfers between limbs, resolving a long-standing debate in motor control research.

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Area of Science:

  • Motor Control
  • Perception-Action Coupling
  • Haptic Feedback

Background:

  • Calibration links embodied perceptual units to action units for accurate movements.
  • The
  • Mapping Theory
  • proposes calibration is inherent to perception/action systems.
  • Previous research debated whether calibration is primarily functional or anatomical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test two key predictions of the
  • Mapping Theory
  • regarding calibration.
  • To investigate if calibration transfers between limbs.
  • To determine if limb-specific calibration is possible due to anatomical differences.

Main Methods:

  • Distorted haptic feedback was used to induce calibration in feedforward reaches.
  • Calibration effects were tested for transfer between the right and left hand.
  • Simultaneous, opposite-direction reaches with both arms were calibrated to assess limb-specific adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Calibration of right-hand reaches successfully transferred to left-hand reaches.
  • Limb-specific calibration was reliably observed when calibrating both arms simultaneously.
  • Both tested predictions of the
  • Mapping Theory
  • were confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • Calibration is both functionally specific (transferring between limbs) and anatomically dependent (allowing limb-specific adaptation).
  • This study resolves the controversy regarding the nature of calibration, demonstrating it is necessarily both functional and anatomical.
  • Findings support the
  • Mapping Theory
  • by showing calibration is a complex process integrating perceptual-motor information with limb anatomy.