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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

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Published on: August 7, 2017

Immune cell profile in infants' lung tissue.

Angela Batista Gomes dos Santos1, Daniella Binoki, Luis Fernando F Silva

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals the typical immune cell distribution in infant lungs, finding innate immune cells dominate in the airway epithelium and lung parenchyma. Immune cell numbers, particularly T cells, increase with age, suggesting developing lung defense mechanisms.

Keywords:
AutopsyDendritic cellsInfantLymphocytesMast cells

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary immunology
  • Pediatric respiratory research
  • Innate and adaptive immunity

Background:

  • The normal immune cell landscape in infant lungs is largely uncharacterized.
  • Understanding baseline immune cell profiles is crucial for diagnosing pediatric lung diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the normal distribution and types of immune cells in infant lungs.
  • To identify age-related changes in lung immune cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Autopsy lung samples from 10 infants without pulmonary disease were analyzed.
  • Immunohistochemistry was used to identify B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells, cytotoxic cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells.
  • Cells were quantified in specific lung compartments (epithelial layer, inner/outer airway layers, alveolar septa).

Main Results:

  • The inner airway layer showed the lowest cell density; outer layers and parenchyma had the highest.
  • Innate immune cells (CD56+, Granzyme B+, CD68+) predominated in the epithelial layer and alveolar parenchyma.
  • CD4+ T cells and dendritic cells were scarce; CD3+ T and Granzyme B+ cell counts correlated positively with age.

Conclusions:

  • Infant lungs exhibit compartmentalized immune cell distribution, with a prevalence of innate immunity cells.
  • Developing lung defense mechanisms involve age-dependent increases in T cells and cytotoxic cells.
  • This provides a baseline for understanding infant lung immune responses.