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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
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High-Throughput Small Molecule Drug Screening For Age-Related Sleep Disorders Using Drosophila melanogaster
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Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease.

Li Lin1, Qiong-Xia Huang, Shu-Sheng Yang

  • 1Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry and Hubei Province, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. linli@jsu.edu.cn

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Melatonin, a hormone that decreases with age, may help prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies show it protects brain cells from amyloid-beta toxicity and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, key AD hallmarks.

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A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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12:18

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by amyloid plaques and tau tangles.
  • Melatonin levels decline with aging and in AD patients, suggesting a potential role in the disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of melatonin as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
  • To explore melatonin's protective mechanisms against AD pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical trial data and scientific studies on melatonin and AD.
  • Analysis of melatonin's antioxidant, anti-amyloid, and anti-tau properties.
  • Examination of melatonin's effects on the cholinergic system and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin supplementation improves sleep, reduces sundowning, and slows cognitive decline in AD patients.
  • Melatonin exhibits antioxidant and anti-amyloid effects, inhibiting Aβ generation and aggregation.
  • Melatonin attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation, potentially by regulating kinases and phosphatases.

Conclusions:

  • Melatonin demonstrates neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's disease.
  • Its antioxidant, anti-amyloid, and anti-tau activities suggest potential for AD prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into melatonin's mechanisms and clinical efficacy is warranted.