Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 9, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain (PPOP)
Published on: January 27, 2010
Chronic pain management in pregnancy and lactation
F Coluzzi1, H Valensise, M Sacco
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy - Massimo.allegri@unipv.it.
Abstract:
During pregnancy most of women will experience some kind of pain, either as a result of a pre-existing condition (low back pain, headache, fibromyalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis) or as a direct consequence of pregnancy (weight gain, postural changes, pelvic floor dysfunction, hormonal factors). However, chronic pain management during pregnancy and lactation remains a challenge for clinicians and pregnant women are at risk of undertreatment for painful conditions, because of fear about use of drugs during pregnancy. Few analgesic drugs have been demonstrated to be absolutely contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but studies in pregnant women are not available for most of pain medications. The aim of this paper is to review the safety profile in pregnancy or lactation of the commonly prescribed pain medications and non-pharmacological treatments. In addition to the conventional classifications from the Food and Drug Administration and the American Academy of Paediatrics, authors analyzed the currently available clinical data from literature.
Related Concept Videos
Analgesia and Pain Management
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners