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Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...

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Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

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Single-dose vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis.

Alexander A Rumyantsev¹, Ana P Goncalvez, Maryann Giel-Moloney

¹Sanofi Pasteur, Discovery US, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|July 17, 2013

Summary

A novel single-dose Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine using a replication-defective platform shows promise. This new vaccine is highly immunogenic and protective in animal models, offering a potential improvement over existing multi-dose inactivated vaccines.

Keywords:

flavivirus vaccine nonhuman primate preclinical prophylaxis

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RNA Interference in Ticks

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Published on: January 20, 2011

Area of Science:

Virology
Vaccinology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) poses a significant public health threat in Eurasia.
Current inactivated TBE vaccines necessitate multiple doses and boosters for sustained immunity.
Developing a safe, single-dose live attenuated TBE vaccine remains a critical unmet need.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a safe, single-dose TBE vaccine candidate using a replication-defective flavivirus platform.
To assess the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the novel vaccine in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

Construction of replication-defective (single-cycle) TBE vaccine candidates (RepliVax-TBE) using various flavivirus backbones and TBE virus envelope genes.
Evaluation of vaccine candidates in cell culture, mouse models for immunogenicity and efficacy, and Rhesus macaque models for immunogenicity and durability.
Comparison of the novel vaccine's immunogenicity and efficacy against a licensed inactivated TBE vaccine.

Main Results:

A West Nile virus-based RepliVax-TBE candidate (RV-WN/TBE) demonstrated superior growth and was highly immunogenic and efficacious in mice.
RV-WN/TBE induced a durable and potent immune response in Rhesus macaques after a single dose, outperforming a licensed inactivated vaccine.
Preexisting West Nile virus immunity did not significantly impact RV-WN/TBE immunogenicity, and immunized macaques were protected from challenge.

Conclusions:

A single-cycle TBE vaccine candidate (RV-WN/TBE) exhibits a superior product profile compared to existing inactivated vaccines.
This novel vaccine platform offers a promising strategy for improved TBE vaccine coverage and disease control.
The development of a single-dose TBE vaccine could significantly enhance public health interventions against this important tick-borne disease.