Influence of therapeutic hypothermia on regeneration after cerebral ischemia

The protective effect of therapeutic hypothermia in cerebral ischemia is well accepted in experimental models, and some clinical studies show that there is benefit in humans as well. Long-term observations in animal and clinical studies have documented recovery of neurological function following hypothermia treatment. Diminished damage by hypothermic protection should contribute to the recovery in many ways, but hypothermia appears to enhance regeneration of brain tissue as well. Since regeneration of the brain after damage initiates within hours and is active days and weeks after stroke, prolonged hypothermia might affect regenerative processes which have been documented to occur in these time frames. As there is a lack of data at the basic and clinical levels, the mechanism of neuroregeneration by hypothermia is unclear. Yet, we speculate that hypothermia enhances regeneration by positively influencing neurogenesis, angiogenesis, gliogenesis and synapse/circuit formation after stroke. In this chapter, we will provide up-to-date data from experimental studies and clinical reports on the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on neuroregeneration, with perspectives on future research.