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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

Pelvic floor dysfunction--does menopause duration matter?

Gerda Trutnovsky1, Rodrigo Guzman-Rojas, Andrew Martin

  • 1Sydney Medical School Nepean, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. gerda.trutnovsky@medunigraz.at

Maturitas
|July 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopause and hormone replacement therapy do not significantly impact pelvic organ prolapse or pelvic floor muscle function. Hormone deficiency is unlikely to be a major factor in pelvic support or levator ani function.

Keywords:
MenopausePelvic muscle functionPelvic organ prolapseTransperineal ultrasoundVisual analogue scale

More Related Videos

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Urogynecology
  • Pelvic Floor Disorders
  • Menopause Research

Background:

  • Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction are common in women.
  • The role of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in these conditions is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of menopausal status and HRT on POP and pelvic floor muscle function.
  • To determine if hormone deficiency is a significant predictor of POP or impaired pelvic floor function.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 311 patients at a tertiary urogynaecological center.
  • Standardized interviews assessed menopausal age and hormone use.
  • Clinical examination (POP-Q) and 4D transperineal ultrasound evaluated prolapse and pelvic floor function.

Main Results:

  • 65% of patients were postmenopausal; 7% used systemic HRT, 6% local HRT.
  • 52% reported prolapse symptoms; 77% had POP on examination, 61% on ultrasound.
  • Menopausal age, HRT, and local estrogen use did not independently predict POP or pelvic floor function.

Conclusions:

  • Hormone deficiency after menopause is unlikely to be a major contributor to pelvic organ support issues.
  • Pelvic organ support and levator ani function are not substantially affected by local or systemic HRT.