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Updated: May 9, 2026

Plaque Assay for Murine Norovirus

Plaque Assay for Murine Norovirus

Published on: August 22, 2012

A mouse model for human norovirus.

Stefan Taube¹, Abimbola O Kolawole, Marina Höhne

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

|July 18, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the first genetically manipulable mouse model for human norovirus (HuNoV) replication. This breakthrough allows for studying HuNoV infection and evaluating new antiviral therapies.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause significant global morbidity and mortality.
The lack of a small-animal model hinders the development of antivirals and vaccines.
Previous attempts to create a mouse model for HuNoV have been unsuccessful.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish the first genetically manipulable small-animal model for human norovirus (HuNoV) infection.
To facilitate research into HuNoV biology and pathogenesis.
To provide a platform for evaluating potential antiviral therapies and vaccine candidates.

Main Methods:

BALB/c mice deficient in recombination activation gene (Rag) 1 or 2 and common gamma chain (γc) (Rag-γc) were engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells.
Mice were challenged with pooled stool isolates from HuNoV-positive patients.
Viral loads were measured, and viral protein expression was assessed in infected tissues.

Main Results:

Both humanized and nonhumanized BALB/c Rag-γc-deficient mice supported replication of a GII.4 HuNoV strain.
In contrast, immunocompetent wild-type mice did not become infected.
HuNoV replication was detected in spleen and liver cells of infected Rag-γc-deficient mice, confirming successful infection.

Conclusions:

The BALB/c Rag-γc-deficient mouse model supports HuNoV replication, independent of human immune cells.
This model is dependent on the host's immune-deficient status.
This represents the first genetically manipulable small-animal model for studying HuNoV infection and developing countermeasures.