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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

Padma 28 for intermittent claudication.

Joanne R Morling¹, Heather Maxwell, Marlene Stewart

¹Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

|July 18, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Padma 28, a Tibetan herbal preparation, may improve walking distance for intermittent claudication in the short term. However, evidence is limited, and its clinical significance and long-term effects remain unclear.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Herbal Medicine
Vascular Diseases

Background:

Intermittent claudication (IC) is characterized by exercise-induced limb pain due to chronic occlusive arterial disease.
Current drug treatments for IC offer limited improvements in walking distance.
Padma 28, a Tibetan herbal preparation, is used for IC, but its efficacy beyond placebo is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of Padma 28 compared to placebo or other medications for increasing pain-free and maximum walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted.
Searches included the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Register, CENTRAL, and clinical trials databases.
Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by review authors, with meta-analysis where possible.

Main Results:

Five RCTs with 365 participants compared Padma 28 to placebo over at least 16 weeks.
Padma 28 significantly increased both pain-free and maximum walking distances compared to placebo.
Pooled data showed a statistically significant increase in maximum walking distance (MD 95.97 m, P < 0.00001), but clinical significance is unclear due to lack of quality of life data.

Conclusions:

Limited evidence suggests Padma 28 may improve walking distance in intermittent claudication short-term.
Side effects were mild and not significantly different between groups.
Insufficient evidence exists to recommend Padma 28 for routine management due to study limitations, unclear clinical significance, and unknown long-term effects.