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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which indirectly block calcium...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, inhibits calcium movement across myocardial cell membranes and vascular smooth muscle. This results in the dilation of coronary and...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
10:28

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart

Published on: June 7, 2015

Cenderitide-eluting film for potential cardiac patch applications.

Xu Wen Ng1, Yingying Huang, Horng H Chen

  • 1School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Plos One
|July 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Biodegradable films deliver cenderitide (CD-NP), a designer peptide, to effectively inhibit cardiac fibroblast proliferation and reduce cardiac remodelling. This sustained local delivery shows promise for treating heart conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Cenderitide (CD-NP), a designer peptide combining mammalian c-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and dendroapis natriuretic peptide (DNP), has shown potential in reducing left ventricular mass and cardiac remodelling.
  • Existing delivery methods like intravenous and subcutaneous infusion have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop biodegradable polymeric films for sustained local delivery of CD-NP.
  • To investigate the in vitro release, degradation, and bioactivity of CD-NP from these films.
  • To evaluate the effects of sustained CD-NP delivery on human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) and compare it to daily infusion.

Main Methods:

  • Development of biodegradable polymeric films encapsulating CD-NP with varying release profiles.
  • In vitro assessment of peptide release kinetics and film degradation over 30 days.
  • Bioactivity assays measuring cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production in HCF.
  • Evaluation of CD-NP's effect on hypertrophic HCF proliferation and DNA synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Sustained release of CD-NP from films was achieved over 30 days with low, intermediate, and high release profiles.
  • Released CD-NP demonstrated bioactivity by increasing cGMP production.
  • CD-NP released from films inhibited hypertrophic HCF proliferation and suppressed DNA synthesis.
  • Sustained film delivery provided comparable or superior suppression of hypertrophic HCF compared to daily CD-NP infusion.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable polymeric films enable sustained local delivery of CD-NP.
  • This delivery method effectively inhibits cardiac fibroblast proliferation and DNA synthesis.
  • CD-NP-loaded cardiac patches offer a promising strategy for inhibiting fibrosis and reducing cardiac remodelling.