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Related Concept Videos

Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Aftereffect of perceived regularity.

Marouane Ouhnana1, Jason Bell, Joshua A Solomon

  • 1McGill Vision Research Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. marouane.ouhnana@mail.mcgill.ca

Journal of Vision
|July 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual perception of pattern regularity adapts. After adapting to a regular pattern, subsequent patterns appear less regular, demonstrating a regularity aftereffect (RAE). This visual adaptation suggests irregularity is the norm.

Keywords:
adaptationaftereffectregularityspatial vision

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Computational neuroscience

Background:

  • Regularity is a fundamental aspect of visual scenes.
  • Understanding how the visual system processes and adapts to regularity is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adaptability of perceived visual regularity.
  • To characterize the regularity aftereffect (RAE) and its properties.

Main Methods:

  • Participants adapted to visual patterns (Gaussian blobs, difference of Gaussians, random binary patterns) of varying regularity.
  • Perceived regularity of test patterns was measured using a staircase procedure after adaptation.
  • Adaptation stimuli varied in regularity, element type, and presentation duration (60s).

Main Results:

  • A unidirectional regularity aftereffect (RAE) was observed: adaptation reduced perceived regularity.
  • RAEs showed cross-format transfer between Gaussian blobs, difference of Gaussians, and random binary patterns.
  • Adaptation to higher regularity reduced perceived regularity more significantly.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived visual regularity is adaptable, with adaptation leading to a reduced perception of regularity.
  • The RAE suggests a norm-based coding system where irregularity is the norm.
  • The findings support a model where regularity is coded by the peakedness of spatial-frequency channel responses, flattened by adaptation.