Mathematical models to assess foot-ground interaction: an overview.

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Human Locomotion
• Musculoskeletal System Modeling

Background:

• The interface between the human body and the ground is crucial for attenuating impact forces during locomotion.
• This interface, comprising plantar soft tissue and shoe sole, functions as a viscoelastic suspension system.
• Understanding its mechanical properties is vital for assessing musculoskeletal system loads.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of mathematical models describing the mechanical behavior of the foot-ground interface.
• To explore the role of reaction model parameters in interface compression.
• To discuss the implications of these models for musculoskeletal loading.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing mathematical models for foot-ground interface mechanics.
• Categorization of models for barefoot (in vitro/in situ, in vivo) and shod conditions.
• Analysis of models based on nonlinear force-deformation relationships and deformation rate.

Main Results:

• Mathematical models represent the foot-ground interface as a spring-damper system.
• Models vary in complexity, from simple nonlinear force-deformation functions to those incorporating deformation rate.
• Different models capture barefoot and shod locomotion behaviors.

Conclusions:

• Mathematical models are essential for understanding the viscoelastic properties of the foot-ground interface.
• Model parameters significantly influence the prediction of musculoskeletal loading during locomotion.
• Further insights into these models can improve injury prevention and performance analysis.