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A Gut-on-a-Chip Model to Study the Gut Microbiome-Nervous System Axis

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The heart and the gut.

Gerhard Rogler¹, Giuseppe Rosano

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.

European Heart Journal

|July 19, 2013

Summary

The gut and heart are linked through gut barrier function, impacting drug absorption and metabolic diseases. Impaired gut barrier function can lead to bacterial translocation, contributing to heart conditions like atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure (CHF).

Keywords:

Atherosclerosis Bacterial translocation Chronic heart failure Intestinal barrier Intestinal microbiome

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Gastroenterology
Microbiology

Background:

The gut influences drug absorption, nutrient uptake, and metabolic diseases.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are linked to increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
A 'leaky' intestinal barrier allows bacterial products into circulation, potentially driving atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure (CHF).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the bidirectional relationship between gut function and heart disease.
To discuss the impact of intestinal barrier integrity on cardiovascular health.
To explore recent insights into the gut-heart axis in acute and chronic heart conditions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on gut-heart interactions.
Analysis of pathways involving intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation.
Examination of the effects of cardiac function on gut microcirculation.

Main Results:

Impaired intestinal barrier function leads to bacterial translocation, contributing to atherosclerosis and CHF.
Reduced cardiac function in CHF can impair gut microcirculation, causing mucosal barrier defects.
These findings highlight a cyclical relationship between gut health and heart function.

Conclusions:

The gut-heart axis is a critical factor in cardiovascular disease development and progression.
Maintaining intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for preventing and managing heart conditions.
Further research into therapeutic strategies targeting the gut may benefit cardiovascular health.