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Cardiovascular profile of xanthelasma palpebrarum
Anupam Dey1, Ramesh Aggarwal, Shridhar Dwivedi
1Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India. anupamdey.7@gmail.com
Insights
Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is linked to significant cardiovascular risks like dyslipidemia and hypertension. Early screening for these conditions is crucial in XP patients to prevent coronary artery disease (CAD).
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) presents as yellow eyelid plaques.
- XP is frequently associated with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease (CAD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity in patients with xanthelasma.
Main Methods:
- A study group of 61 xanthelasma patients was compared with 130 controls.
- Detailed medical history, physical examination, and relevant investigations were performed for all participants.
Main Results:
- The most affected age group was 40-60 years, with males predominating.
- High prevalence of dyslipidemia (60%), hypertension (37.7%), diabetes mellitus (18.03%), and nicotine addiction (39.3%) was observed in XP patients.
- Smokers and obese patients with XP showed increased hypertension rates; 6.56% had diagnosed CAD.
Conclusions:
- Xanthelasma palpebrarum frequently coexists with major cardiovascular risk factors including smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.
- Screening for these risk factors is recommended in individuals with XP to mitigate CAD risk.
Unlabelled:
Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) are yellow plaques that occur most commonly near the inner canthus of the eyelid and are often associated with atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. This study was planned to address the issue of associated cardiovascular morbidity in xanthelasma patients attending our cardiac clinic.
Materials And Methods:
A total of 61 patients were detected to be having xanthelasma and constituted the study group. The control group constituted of 130 apparently normal individuals. Each patient underwent detailed history, examination, and investigations.
Results And Discussion:
The most prevalent age group was 40 to 60 years. Males outnumbered females. A percentage of 39.3% of cases had concomitant nicotine addiction. Dyslipidemia was present in 60% of cases, hypertension in 37.7%, prehypertension in 8.77%, diabetes mellitus in 18.03%, and prediabetes in 26.3%. Smokers and obese patients with xanthelasma had a higher prevalence of hypertension. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was found in 6.56% of XP cases. The waist circumference and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in XP patients.
Conclusion:
A significant number of cases of xanthelasma palpebrarum are combined with smoking, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia which are the major risk factors for CAD. Efforts should be made to rule out the same in high-risk xanthelasma subjects.
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