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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Anxiety: Overview01:18

Anxiety: Overview

Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes01:15

Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes

Cognitive processes affect social behavior by guiding how individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to social stimuli. These mental processes enable individuals to assess others' behaviors, attribute causes to their actions, and form expectations based on past experiences.Causes of Behavior and Social JudgmentsIndividuals determine the causes of others' behaviors by distinguishing between personal traits and external circumstances. For example, if a friend frequently arrives late, an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Cognitive functioning in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis.

N Y Shin1, T Y Lee2, E Kim2

  • 1Interdisciplinary Cognitive Science Program, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Psychological Medicine
|July 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show cognitive deficits in memory and executive functions, but not auditory attention. These impairments are generally small to medium and not significantly affected by common confounding factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with cognitive impairments, but findings are inconsistent.
  • Previous studies have explored confounding factors, yet results remain mixed.
  • A meta-analytic approach is needed to clarify cognitive dysfunction in OCD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive dysfunction in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To utilize a meta-analytic approach to synthesize existing research on OCD and cognition.
  • To examine the impact of confounding variables on cognitive performance in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed database (1980-2012) and review paper references.
  • Inclusion criteria applied to 221 identified studies, resulting in 88 studies for analysis.
  • Extraction of neuropsychological performance, demographic, and clinical variables from selected studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant impairments observed in visuospatial memory, executive function, verbal memory, and verbal fluency in OCD patients.
  • Auditory attention was preserved in individuals with OCD.
  • The largest effect size was noted in recalling complex visual stimuli; overall effect estimates ranged from small to medium.

Conclusions:

  • Patients with OCD exhibit broad cognitive deficits, though generally not severe.
  • Variability in testing methods may influence observed cognitive performance in OCD.
  • Further research controlling for confounding variables is necessary to establish definitive conclusions.