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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Acute Pharyngitis

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Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus
12:02

Assays for the Identification of Novel Antivirals against Bluetongue Virus

Published on: October 11, 2013

Bluetongue virus in Lebanon.

J El Hage1, A Lorusso, I Carmine

  • 1Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Fanar, Lebanon.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is circulating in Lebanon, with over 53% of tested animals showing antibodies. Six BTV serotypes were identified, marking the first confirmation of BTV presence in the region.

Keywords:
LebanonRT-PCRbluetongue virusc-ELISAgenotypingserum-neutralization

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bluetongue virus (BTV) incursions in the Mediterranean Basin since 2000 highlight the Middle East as a key entry point to Europe.
  • Limited epidemiological data exists on BTV prevalence in the Middle East, particularly in Lebanon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct an epidemiological survey to determine the presence and circulation of Bluetongue virus (BTV) in Lebanon.
  • To identify circulating BTV serotypes within the Lebanese animal population.

Main Methods:

  • Serological testing using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA) on 181 serum samples.
  • Molecular detection using quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) on 110 blood samples.
  • Confirmation and serotyping of BTV strains using serum-neutralization assay and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR).

Main Results:

  • Antibodies to BTV were detected in 53.6% of tested animals (97/181), with higher prevalence in goats (67.9%) than sheep (42%).
  • BTV RNA was detected in 12.7% of blood samples (14/110), with higher positivity in goats (18.2%) than sheep (9.1%).
  • Six BTV serotypes (1, 4, 6, 8, 16, and 24) were confirmed to be circulating in Lebanon.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of Bluetongue virus (BTV) presence and circulation in Lebanon.
  • The identified BTV serotypes pose a significant risk to livestock health in the region and warrant further epidemiological surveillance.