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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice
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Stochastic cardiac pacing increases ventricular electrical stability--a computational study.

Hila Dvir1, Sharon Zlochiver

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.

Biophysical Journal
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stochastic pacing, unlike deterministic pacing, can reduce arrhythmia risk by moderating heart rhythms. This study demonstrates that increased pacing variability offers a protective antiarrhythmic effect in cardiac tissue models.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice
08:05

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Published on: June 29, 2022

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Area of Science:

  • Computational biology
  • Cardiac electrophysiology
  • Arrhythmia research

Background:

  • Heart rate variability (HRV) influences ventricular activation rhythms.
  • Low HRV is linked to arrhythmia events, often attributed to autonomic dysfunction.
  • Current models lack assessment of pacing stochasticity's direct antiarrhythmic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model and assess the antiarrhythmic potential of stochastic cardiac pacing.
  • To investigate the impact of pacing stochasticity on action potential duration restitution (APDR) and conduction velocity restitution (CVR).
  • To analyze the development and characteristics of action potential duration (APD) alternans under different pacing protocols.

Main Methods:

  • Development of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) human ventricular tissue models.
  • Application of both deterministic and stochastic pacing protocols.
  • Generation and analysis of APDR and CVR curves; investigation of APD alternans.

Main Results:

  • Pacing stochasticity moderated APDR curves by reducing slope, decreasing arrhythmogenicity in 1D models.
  • Stochasticity significantly inhibited concordant APD alternans, with effects amplified by increased pacing variability.
  • In 2D models, stochastic pacing reduced spatial APD heterogeneity and converted discordant to concordant APD alternans.

Conclusions:

  • Pacing stochasticity demonstrates a protective antiarrhythmic effect in cardiac tissue models.
  • Reduced APD heterogeneity and altered alternans patterns contribute to this effect.
  • High cardiac pacing stochasticity may lower the risk of cardiac arrhythmias in patients.