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Current analytical approaches to measuring blood analytes.

M F Burritt1

  • 1Division of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic/Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.

Clinical Chemistry
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Advancements in electrochemical sensors improve critical-care laboratory testing accuracy and precision. New sensor technologies and standardization efforts address challenges in calibration and sample handling for bedside diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Increased laboratory testing in critical-care settings is driven by advanced electrochemical sensors.
  • Innovations include extended sensor lifetimes, reduced maintenance, and disposable sensor development.
  • Bedside determination of analytes like pO2, pCO2, pH, electrolytes, and glucose is now possible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and impact of electrochemical sensors in critical care.
  • To highlight challenges in sensor calibration and sample handling.
  • To discuss standardization efforts for electrolyte measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent innovations in electrochemical and optical sensor technologies.
  • Discussion of direct-reading analyzers and ion-selective electrodes (ISEs).
  • Mention of collaborative efforts for developing Standard Reference Material (SRM) 956.

Main Results:

  • Electrochemical sensors enable accurate, precise bedside determination of multiple critical analytes.
  • New systems introduce challenges in sensor calibration and sample management.
  • Standardization efforts, like SRM 956, aim to improve Na/K ISE accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical and optical sensors are transforming critical-care diagnostics.
  • Continued innovation is expected to yield a new generation of monitoring technologies.
  • Addressing calibration and standardization is crucial for reliable bedside testing.

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