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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Using Medicare data to assess nurse practitioner-provided care.

Catherine M DesRoches¹, Jennifer Gaudet, Jennifer Perloff

¹Mathematica Policy Research, Cambridge, MA.

Nursing Outlook

|July 23, 2013

Summary

Approximately 45,000 nurse practitioners (NPs) billed Medicare in 2008, with higher rates in rural areas. NPs served more disadvantaged Medicare beneficiaries, often in primary care shortage areas.

Keywords:

Advanced practice nurse Medicare Patient characteristics

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Health Services Research
Health Policy
Nursing Practice

Background:

Addressing primary care physician shortages necessitates exploring nurse practitioner (NP) roles.
Understanding NP utilization and practice patterns within Medicare is crucial for policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

Examine the geographic distribution and characteristics of NPs billing Medicare.
Compare primary care services provided by NPs and physicians to Medicare beneficiaries.
Analyze characteristics of beneficiaries receiving care from NPs versus physicians.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of 2008 Medicare fee-for-service administrative data.
Included over 959,000 aged and/or disabled beneficiaries.
Measured NP geographic distribution, utilization, and patient characteristics.

Main Results:

Around 45,000 NPs billed Medicare in 2008, with higher rates in rural states.
Both NPs and physicians predominantly provided evaluation and management services.
Beneficiaries assigned to NPs were more likely female, dually eligible, or disabled.

Conclusions:

NPs practice patterns differ from physicians, with NPs more likely serving disadvantaged Medicare beneficiaries.
NPs were more likely to practice in federally designated primary care shortage areas.
Findings support expanding NP roles to enhance healthcare access for Medicare beneficiaries.