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Updated: May 9, 2026

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Methane Hydrate Crystallization on Sessile Water Droplets

Published on: May 26, 2021

Cage occupancy and structural changes during hydrate formation from initial stages to resulting hydrate phase.

Judith M Schicks¹, Manja Luzi-Helbing

¹Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.2: Inorganic and Isotope Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany. schick@gfz-potsdam.de

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

|July 23, 2013

Summary

This study reveals methane (CH4) initially fills small hydrate cavities during mixed gas hydrate formation. Early hydrate phases differ from steady-state ones in cavity occupancy and composition.

Keywords:

5(12) Cavities Hydrate formation kinetics Mixed gas hydrates Raman spectroscopy

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Published on: March 18, 2020

Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Hydrate formation mechanisms lack molecular-level experimental understanding.
Initial cavity formation and occupancy in mixed gas hydrates are under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate time-dependent hydrate formation and kinetics.
To understand initial cavity formation and guest molecule occupancy in mixed gas hydrates.

Main Methods:

Time-dependent Raman spectroscopy was employed.
Hydrate formation was studied from ice and various gas mixtures (CH4, CH4-CO2, CH4-H2S, CH4-C3H8, CH4-iso-C4H10, CH4-neo-C5H12).
Experiments were conducted under constant pressure, temperature, and feed gas composition.

Main Results:

Methane (CH4) incorporation into 5(12) cavities is the initial step in all investigated systems.
Early-stage hydrate phases exhibit distinct cavity occupancy and guest ratios compared to steady-state phases.
Differences in small and large cavity occupancy were observed between initial and steady-state hydrate phases.

Conclusions:

The study provides molecular-level insights into initial mixed gas hydrate formation.
Initial hydrate formation pathways differ significantly from steady-state conditions.
Raman spectroscopy is effective for studying dynamic hydrate formation processes.