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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...

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miR-122 targets NOD2 to decrease intestinal epithelial cell injury in Crohn's disease.

Yu Chen1, Chengxiao Wang, Ying Liu

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Jiangwan Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 200434, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) targets NOD2, a gene linked to Crohn's disease (CD). This interaction suppresses inflammation and protects intestinal cells from damage, offering new insights into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mechanisms.

Keywords:
Crohn’s disease (CD)IBDNOD2miR-122

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with complex genetic and environmental causes.
  • MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) deregulation is observed in CD, but its precise role and molecular targets are not fully understood.
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2/CARD15) is a key gene associated with CD susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms linking miR-122 and NOD2 in the context of CD.
  • To determine the role of the miR-122/NOD2 interaction in regulating intestinal epithelial cell responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Main Methods:

  • Identification of NOD2 as a functional target of miR-122 in HT-29 cells.
  • Assessment of miR-122's effect on LPS-induced apoptosis and NOD2 expression.
  • Analysis of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10).

Main Results:

  • MiR-122 inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis by suppressing NOD2 expression in HT-29 cells.
  • NOD2 interaction with LPS, leading to NF-κB activation, was inhibited by miR-122 precursor or NOD2 shRNA.
  • Pretreatment with miR-122 precursor, NOD2 shRNA, or an NF-κB inhibitor reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Conclusions:

  • MiR-122 targets NOD2, playing a protective role against LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell injury.
  • The miR-122/NOD2 pathway modulates NF-κB signaling and cytokine balance, impacting inflammatory responses.
  • These findings highlight miR-122 and NOD2 as potential therapeutic targets for Crohn's disease and related IBD.