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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
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Published on: June 3, 2016

Epigenetic regulation in vascular cells.

Mikko P Turunen1, Einari Aavik, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala

  • 1Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I.Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.

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Summary

Epigenetic mechanisms are increasingly linked to complex diseases, offering new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions. This review highlights inheritable epigenetic features and the role of small RNAs in gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in connecting the genome to complex disease etiology.
  • Environmental factors, such as intrauterine conditions, can preprogram individuals for chronic diseases.
  • Inheritable epigenetic features are increasingly recognized in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings in the epigenetics of vascular cells.
  • To discuss emerging challenges in developing therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
  • To summarize new results on inheritable epigenetic features in cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epigenetics and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of the role of small RNAs in epigenetic gene regulation.
  • Synthesis of findings on environmental influences on epigenetic programming.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence links epigenetic mechanisms to the cause of complex diseases.
  • Small RNAs play a significant role in epigenetic gene regulation.
  • Inheritable epigenetic features are key in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are major determinants in the pathogenesis of complex diseases.
  • Epigenetic strategies offer novel therapeutic opportunities for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Further research into vascular cell epigenetics is essential for advancing treatment.