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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract III: Percussion01:29

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract III: Percussion

The respiratory system, fundamental to life, consists of complex structures responsible for gas exchange. The percussion assessment is critical to understanding this system's health and functionality. This non-invasive assessment technique allows healthcare providers to evaluate the density or aeration of the lungs, thereby identifying potential abnormalities.
Percussion in Respiratory Assessment
Percussion evaluates underlying tissue composition with audible and tactile vibrations,...
Muscles of the Thorax01:25

Muscles of the Thorax

The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It originates...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation01:24

Pulmonary Ventilation: Inhalation

Pulmonary ventilation is a vital process that ensures the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. It refers to the movement of air into and out of the lungs, enabling the body to obtain oxygen and remove waste carbon dioxide. In this article, we will explore the intricacies of pulmonary ventilation, including its underlying principles, mechanisms, and the interplay of pressures within the respiratory system.
Boyle's law becomes particularly pertinent when examining respiratory...
Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity

Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound
05:51

Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Published on: November 3, 2023

Diaphragm depth in normal subjects.

Leili Shahgholi1, Michael R Baria, Eric J Sorenson

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diaphragm depth varies significantly, posing risks during needle electromyography (EMG). Body mass index (BMI) can reliably predict diaphragm depth from the skin when image guidance is unavailable, improving safety and accuracy.

Keywords:
BMIdepthdiaphragmelectromyographyultrasound

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound
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Measuring Diaphragm Thickness and Function Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound

Published on: November 3, 2023

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation
05:51

Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: January 31, 2025

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function
07:12

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Needle electromyromyography (EMG) of the diaphragm carries a risk of pneumothorax.
  • Accurate knowledge of diaphragm depth is crucial for procedural safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine diaphragm depth variations.
  • To assess the predictability of diaphragm depth using body mass index (BMI).

Main Methods:

  • B-mode ultrasound was used to measure skin-to-diaphragm and rib-to-diaphragm distances in 150 subjects.
  • Linear regression modeling was employed to correlate BMI with diaphragm depth.

Main Results:

  • Diaphragm depth from the skin ranged from 0.78 to 4.91 cm.
  • Diaphragm depth below the rib surface ranged from 0.25 to 1.48 cm.
  • BMI predicted skin-to-diaphragm depth with an average accuracy of 1.15 mm.

Conclusions:

  • Diaphragm depth exhibits considerable variation (over 4 cm).
  • BMI serves as a reliable predictor of diaphragm depth in the absence of imaging guidance.
  • This prediction aids in enhancing the safety and accuracy of diaphragm EMG.