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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
05:39

Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Published on: February 3, 2023

RAS mutations in thyroid cancer.

Gina M Howell1, Steven P Hodak, Linwah Yip

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

The Oncologist
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RAS mutations are increasingly important in thyroid cancer. This review explores their role as diagnostic and prognostic markers in managing thyroid carcinoma.

Keywords:
Molecular markersRASThyroid cancerThyroid nodules

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer (carcinoma) development involves complex genetic alterations.
  • Molecular markers are gaining importance in clinical decision-making for thyroid cancer.
  • RAS gene mutations are frequently observed in various cancers, including thyroid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on RAS gene mutations in thyroid cancer.
  • To discuss the utility of RAS as a diagnostic tool for thyroid carcinoma.
  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of RAS in thyroid cancer management.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of studies investigating RAS mutations in thyroid cancer.
  • Analysis of diagnostic and prognostic data related to RAS in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Synthesis of findings to assess the clinical relevance of RAS.

Main Results:

  • RAS mutations are significant genetic alterations in thyroid oncogenesis.
  • Evidence suggests RAS can serve as a potential diagnostic marker.
  • RAS status shows promise as a prognostic indicator in thyroid cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RAS mutations is crucial for advancing thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • RAS molecular markers offer valuable insights for patient management.
  • Further research can solidify the role of RAS in clinical practice for thyroid carcinoma.