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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...

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Conserved biophysical features of the Ca<sub>V</sub>2 presynaptic Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel homologue from the early-diverging animal <i>Trichoplax adhaerens</i>.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2020
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Molecular Characterization of an SV Capture Site in the Mid-Region of the Presynaptic CaV2.1 Calcium Channel C-Terminal.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2018
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The Calcium Channel C-Terminal and Synaptic Vesicle Tethering: Analysis by Immuno-Nanogold Localization.

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Characterization of a Synaptic Vesicle Binding Motif on the Distal CaV2.2 Channel C-terminal.

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The Nanophysiology of Fast Transmitter Release.

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Single calcium channel domain gating of synaptic vesicle fusion at fast synapses; analysis by graphic modeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
07:30

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Published on: September 4, 2017

Synaptic vesicle capture by CaV2.2 calcium channels.

Fiona K Wong1, Qi Li, Elise F Stanley

  • 1Laboratory of Synaptic Transmission, Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) directly tether to voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) at the presynaptic release site. This direct CaV-SV attachment mechanism may initiate synaptic vesicle capture for neurotransmitter release.

Keywords:
CaV2.2SV-PDcalcium channeldockingpresynapticsynaptic vesicletetheringtransmitter release

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Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
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Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: May 25, 2011

Acute Dissociation of Lamprey Reticulospinal Axons to Enable Recording from the Release Face Membrane of Individual Functional Presynaptic Terminals
12:01

Acute Dissociation of Lamprey Reticulospinal Axons to Enable Recording from the Release Face Membrane of Individual Functional Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: October 1, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
07:30

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Published on: September 4, 2017

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals
08:38

Vibrodissociation of Neurons from Rodent Brain Slices to Study Synaptic Transmission and Image Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: May 25, 2011

Acute Dissociation of Lamprey Reticulospinal Axons to Enable Recording from the Release Face Membrane of Individual Functional Presynaptic Terminals
12:01

Acute Dissociation of Lamprey Reticulospinal Axons to Enable Recording from the Release Face Membrane of Individual Functional Presynaptic Terminals

Published on: October 1, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Synaptic vesicle fusion at presynaptic terminals is regulated by calcium ion (Ca2+) influx.
  • Voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs) are crucial for Ca2+ entry and synaptic transmission.
  • Previous studies suggested a direct molecular link between CaVs and synaptic vesicles (SVs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct physical attachment between CaVs and SVs.
  • To determine if the C-terminal region of CaVs is involved in tethering SVs.
  • To establish an in vitro assay for studying CaV-SV interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an in vitro "SV pull-down" (SV-PD) assay.
  • Using purified, intact SVs and antibody-immobilized CaV2.2 channels.
  • Western blot analysis to detect SV protein markers captured by CaV channels.

Main Results:

  • Antibody-immobilized CaV2.2 channels, but not control beads, captured SVs.
  • The C-terminal fusion proteins of CaV2.2 also demonstrated SV pull-down activity.
  • This indicates a direct interaction between the CaV C-terminus and SVs.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports a model of direct tethering between SVs and CaVs.
  • The C-terminal region of CaVs is implicated in this direct SV attachment.
  • This CaV-SV tethering may function as an initial mechanism for capturing SVs at the release site.