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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
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Published on: October 2, 2019

Does recall after sleep-dependent memory consolidation reinstate sensitivity to retroactive interference?

Gaétane Deliens1, Rémy Schmitz, Isaline Caudron

  • 1UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at CRCN-Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Brussels, Belgium. Gaetane.Deliens@ulb.ac.be

Plos One
|July 23, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sleep after learning may not protect memories from interference as expected. Instead, sleep might update memories, making them vulnerable to new, similar information, according to memory reconsolidation theory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sleep Research
  • Memory Consolidation

Background:

  • Previous research suggests sleep strengthens newly encoded memories, increasing resistance to retroactive interference.
  • The long-term effects of sleep versus sleep deprivation on memory consolidation and interference resistance remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the delayed, long-term effects of sleep versus sleep deprivation on memory consolidation and resistance to interference.
  • To examine how learning time (morning vs. evening) interacts with post-training sleep on memory.

Main Methods:

  • Participants learned word pairs (AB) and then underwent either sleep or sleep deprivation (SD) overnight.
  • On day 4, participants learned a second list (AC) with overlapping elements to induce retroactive interference.
  • Memory recall for the original list (AB) was tested, and interference effects were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Recall was slightly better for evening learning compared to morning learning.
  • Crucially, retroactive interference was observed only in the group that slept after learning in the evening.
  • This finding contradicts the hypothesis that sleep protects against interference.

Conclusions:

  • Sleep may not inherently protect consolidated memories from interference.
  • Memory reconsolidation theory offers a potential explanation: sleep might update memories, making them temporarily labile and susceptible to interference from similar new information.
  • Sleep may facilitate memory updating and prevent memory network saturation.