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Updated: May 9, 2026

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

Bodychecking rules and concussion in elite hockey.

Laura Donaldson¹, Mark Asbridge, Michael D Cusimano

¹Division of Neurosurgery and Injury Prevention Research Office, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

|July 23, 2013

Summary

Recent rule changes in the National Hockey League (NHL) did not reduce concussions. Stricter rules or enforcement are needed to protect players from head injuries in ice hockey.

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An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System

An Investigation of the Effects of Sports-related Concussion in Youth Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Head Impact Telemetry System

Published on: January 12, 2011

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Neurology
Biomechanics

Background:

Contact sports like ice hockey carry a high risk of concussion for athletes.
Concussions pose significant health risks, necessitating effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of recent rule changes (2010-11, 2011-12) in reducing concussion incidence in the National Hockey League (NHL).
To compare concussion rates in the NHL with the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), which has a longstanding ban on head contact.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study analyzed official game records, team injury reports, and media sources for NHL and OHL games from 2009-10 to 2011-12.
Concussion incidence was calculated per 100 regular season games for both leagues.
Injuries classified as concussion-like or suspicious of concussion were also included in the analysis.

Main Results:

Concussion incidence was similar between the NHL (5.23/100 games) and OHL (5.05/100 games).
When including suspected concussions, NHL rates were higher (8.8/100 games) than OHL (7.1/100 games).
NHL concussions decreased from 2009-10 to 2010-11 but did not significantly change from 2010-11 to 2011-12. Bodychecking caused 64.2% of NHL concussions, with only 28.4% resulting from illegal incidents.

Conclusions:

Rules regulating head contact in the NHL have not effectively reduced concussion incidence.
Further rule modifications or stricter enforcement are necessary to mitigate concussion risks in professional ice hockey.