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Related Concept Videos

Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...

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Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, Washington, USA, 2011.

Jennifer K Lloyd1, Jeffrey S Duchin, Jerry Borchert

  • 1Public Health—Seattle & King County, Seattle, Washington 98118, USA. jenny.lloyd@kingcounty.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|July 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning outbreaks can occur from eating contaminated shellfish. A recent US cluster linked to commercial shellfish containing toxins led to a product recall, highlighting the need for surveillance.

Keywords:
DSPDiarrhetic shellfish poisoningDinophysis spp.United StatesWashingtondinophysistoxinsenteric infectionsmarine biotoxinsshellfishtoxins

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Area of Science:

  • Foodborne Illness
  • Marine Biotoxins
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) is a significant public health concern.
  • It is caused by the consumption of bivalve mollusks contaminated with marine biotoxins, specifically dinophysistoxins.
  • These toxins accumulate in shellfish that filter-feed from affected waters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a recent illness cluster of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in the United States.
  • To detail the investigation and confirmation of dinophysistoxins in shellfish.
  • To emphasize the importance of ongoing surveillance for preventing future outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Case investigation of gastrointestinal illness linked to shellfish consumption.
  • Analytical testing of shellfish samples for the presence of dinophysistoxins.
  • Tracing shellfish to their commercial harvest areas.

Main Results:

  • A cluster of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning cases was identified in the United States.
  • Confirmed presence of dinophysistoxins in shellfish harvested from a commercial area.
  • The contaminated shellfish prompted a product recall to mitigate public health risk.

Conclusions:

  • Consumption of contaminated bivalves poses a risk for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning.
  • The confirmed toxin presence and subsequent recall underscore the effectiveness of targeted surveillance.
  • Continued monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas is crucial for preventing widespread outbreaks and protecting consumer health.