A review of current agents for anticoagulation for the critical care practitioner

There has been a tremendous boom in the arena of anticoagulant therapy recently. Although the indications for these agents reside in the noncritical care environment, over time, the impact of these agents have infiltrated the critical care environment particularly due to devastating complications with associated use. With so many newer agents on the market or coming down the pipeline, it is easy to become overwhelmed. It is important that the critical care practitioner does not ignore these agents but becomes familiar with them to better prepare for the management of patients on one or more anticoagulant agents in the intensive care unit. To equip the critical care practitioners with the knowledge about commonly used anticoagulants, we provide an extensive review of the pharmacology, indications, and adverse effects related to these agents as well as suggestions on preventing or managing complications.