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Hypoxic effects on corneal morphology and function.

K A Polse1, R J Brand, S R Cohen

  • 1School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|August 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Chronic low oxygen from contact lens wear may permanently change corneal endothelium structure and function. This study suggests a link between years of wear, endothelial polymegethism index, cell density, and corneal hydration control.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Corneal Physiology
  • Contact Lens Research

Background:

  • Corneal metabolism requires adequate oxygen; hypoxia induces reversible acute responses like increased stromal lactate and hydration.
  • Chronic hypoxia can cause irreversible morphologic changes in the corneal endothelium, raising concerns about physiological function.
  • Assessing human corneal function under hypoxia has been challenging due to limitations in measurement techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cumulative hypoxic exposure from contact lens wear and corneal endothelial morphology and function.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying durations of contact lens wear on endothelial polymegethism index (EPI), endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal hydration control.
  • To determine if corneal hypoxia, inferred from contact lens wear history, is dose-dependent in its effects on corneal parameters.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Methods:

  • Developed and utilized an in vivo test to measure corneal hydration control, specifically percent corneal thickness recovery per hour (PRPH) after induced swelling.
  • Recruited 36 subjects with diverse contact lens wearing histories to assess the effects of assumed hypoxic doses.
  • Employed multiple regression analysis to correlate hypoxic dose (years of lens wear) with EPI, ECD, and PRPH, adjusting for age and gender.

Main Results:

  • A dose-dependent relationship was observed between hypoxic exposure and changes in corneal parameters.
  • Estimated annual changes associated with hypoxic dose were: 1.70%/yr for EPI, -0.25%/yr for ECD, and -1.26%/yr for PRPH.
  • Confidence intervals indicated potential, though not always statistically significant, alterations in these measures.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary data suggest that chronic hypoxic exposure from contact lens wear can alter corneal endothelial morphology and reduce corneal function.
  • The findings indicate a potential link between the duration of contact lens wear and measurable changes in corneal physiology.
  • Further definitive studies are required to confirm these preliminary, exploratory findings and their clinical implications.