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Make caffeine visible: a fluorescent caffeine "traffic light" detector.

Wang Xu1, Tae-Hyeong Kim, Duanting Zhai

  • 1Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore.

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A new fluorescent sensor, Caffeine Orange, offers sensitive and selective caffeine detection. This innovation enables convenient, naked-eye quantification in beverages, even in resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Caffeine is prevalent in beverages and medicines, but sensitive and convenient detection remains challenging, particularly in resource-limited regions.
  • Existing detection methods often lack the sensitivity, selectivity, or ease-of-use required for widespread application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, highly sensitive, and selective fluorescent sensor for caffeine detection in aqueous solutions.
  • To demonstrate the practical application of this sensor for caffeine quantification in various beverages and on a microfluidic device.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of a novel fluorescent probe, Caffeine Orange.
  • Spectroscopic analysis (NMR, FTIR) to elucidate interaction mechanisms (π-stacking, hydrogen-bonding).
  • Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy to study environmental changes affecting fluorescence.
  • Development of a non-toxic caffeine detection kit and testing on beverages.
  • Integration of the sensor onto a microfluidic device for automated detection.

Main Results:

  • Caffeine Orange exhibits a 250-fold fluorescence enhancement upon caffeine activation with high selectivity.
  • The sensor's fluorescence is triggered by changes in its environment due to caffeine interaction, involving π-stacking and hydrogen-bonding.
  • A non-toxic detection kit allowed for naked-eye caffeine sensing in beverages via color changes under laser irradiation.
  • Successful implementation on a microfluidic device enabled quick, sensitive, and automated caffeine detection.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine Orange is a novel and effective fluorescent sensor for sensitive and selective caffeine detection.
  • The developed detection kit and microfluidic system offer practical, user-friendly solutions for caffeine quantification in real-world samples.
  • This technology holds promise for applications in food safety, quality control, and resource-limited diagnostics.