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Early childhood bereavement.

E M Kranzler1, D Shaffer, G Wasserman

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Preschool children experiencing parental loss showed more behavioral symptoms and negative emotions. The ability to express grief correlated with better functioning, highlighting the impact of environmental factors.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Grief Studies

Background:

  • Preschool children's responses to acute bereavement are not well understood.
  • Parental death in early childhood presents unique developmental challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively assess acute bereavement responses in preschool children.
  • To compare bereaved children with nonbereaved controls.
  • To explore the relationship between emotional expression and functioning in grieving children.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective assessment of 26 parentally bereaved children (3-6 years) and 40 matched controls.
  • Utilized the Child Behavior Checklist (Parent report) for symptom assessment.
  • Employed a standardized affect interview for preschoolers to gauge emotional experiences.

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Main Results:

  • Bereaved children, particularly boys, exhibited significantly more symptoms.
  • Bereaved children reported increased fear and decreased happiness.
  • Bereaved girls reported heightened sadness concerning their parents; ability to report emotions correlated with improved functioning.
  • Children from families with post-death income drops were more symptomatic.
  • Parent and child disturbances were highly correlated.

Conclusions:

  • Preschoolers exhibit distinct grief responses, with gender-specific emotional expressions.
  • The capacity to articulate grief emotions is linked to better psychological functioning.
  • Environmental factors, such as socioeconomic changes, significantly mediate bereavement outcomes in young children.
  • Parental and child distress are closely intertwined following a parent's death.