A longitudinal study of depressive symptomatology in young adolescents

As part of a longitudinal study of depression in adolescents, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to 550 students 3 times, at the beginning of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades. Blacks and females had higher scores than did whites and males. Scores of blacks and males declined more over the 3 year period than did those of females and whites. The stability of individual students' depression scores was less consistent than the overall distributions with 1 and 2 year correlations reaching only 0.53 and 0.36, respectively. The best predictor of subsequent year CES-D scores was the previous year's score. Undesirable life events and family adaptability were significant but less important predictors.