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Related Concept Videos

Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Progressive hemifacial atrophy.

Abhijeet Sande1, Mukund Risbud, Avinash Kshar

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, India.

Dental Research Journal
|July 24, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Parry-Romberg Syndrome, or progressive hemifacial atrophy, is a rare condition causing facial tissue loss. Its causes remain unknown, but potential factors include trauma, infections, and autoimmunity.

Keywords:
Parry-Romberg SyndromeProgressive hemifacial atrophyRomberg's disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg Syndrome) is a rare, poorly understood degenerative disorder.
  • It involves slow, progressive, yet self-limited atrophy affecting one side of the face.

Observation:

  • The exact incidence and etiology of Parry-Romberg Syndrome are unknown.
  • A cerebral disturbance in fat metabolism is a proposed primary cause.
  • Potential contributing factors include trauma, viral infections, heredity, endocrine issues, and autoimmunity.

Findings:

  • Common complications include trigeminal neuralgia, facial paresthesia, severe headaches, and epilepsy.
  • The atrophy typically progresses slowly over years before stabilizing.

Implications:

  • Understanding the pathogenesis of Parry-Romberg Syndrome is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • This case review aims to consolidate knowledge on its characteristics, etiology, pathophysiology, and management.