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Related Concept Videos

pH Regulation in Cells01:28

pH Regulation in Cells

pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...
Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

A concentration cell is a type of a voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells01:20

Protein Buffers in Blood Plasma and Cells

The human body utilizes protein buffer systems to maintain a stable pH. These systems capitalize on the dual role of amino acids, which can act as acids or bases by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions in response to pH changes. Protein buffer systems are particularly significant in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) of active cells, where structural and functional proteins provide substantial buffering capacity.
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:

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A Micro-agar Salt Bridge Electrode for Analyzing the Proton Turnover Rate of Recombinant Membrane Proteins
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Published on: January 7, 2019

Charge regulation in biomolecular solution.

Mikael Lund1, Bo Jönsson

  • 1Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden.

Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
|July 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Charge regulation in biomolecules is influenced by proton equilibria. This review highlights charge capacitance as a key property to predict molecular interactions, crucial for understanding protein behavior.

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Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells
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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells

Published on: January 19, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Molecular Biophysics

Background:

  • Biomolecules possess titratable groups influencing charge distribution and electrostatic interactions.
  • Charge regulation describes how proton equilibria shift upon interaction with other molecules or surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of charge capacitance as a predictive parameter for charge regulation.
  • To demonstrate the utility of charge capacitance in estimating intermolecular interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on the theoretical and experimental determination of charge capacitance.
  • Utilizing capacitance to model interactions between various molecular entities.

Main Results:

  • Charge capacitance quantifies molecular charge fluctuations and is intrinsic to biomolecules.
  • Capacitance directly impacts the free energy of intermolecular interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Charge capacitance offers a unified approach to understanding charge regulation.
  • This property is essential for predicting interactions of proteins with proteins, polyelectrolytes, membranes, and ligands.