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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Microscopic 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride Assay for Accurate and Reliable Analysis of Myocardial Injury
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Recurrent takotsubo cardiomyopathy : variable pattern of ventricular involvement.

K Singh1, A Parsaik, B Singh

  • 1Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Road, 5011, Woodville South, SA, Australia, kjaulakh@gmail.com.

Herz
|July 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is common and can affect different left ventricular regions. Variable involvement in recurrent TTC challenges existing theories on its cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is transient left ventricular dysfunction, primarily in older women.
  • TTC has apical, mid-ventricular, and basal variants with an 11% recurrence rate at 4 years.
  • The exact pathogenesis of TTC remains unclear, with several unproven theories.

Observation:

  • A case series of 3 patients with recurrent TTC affecting different ventricular regions.
  • All patients experienced acute coronary syndrome (ACS) during initial and recurrent episodes.
  • Initial diagnosis involved coronary angiography (CA), echocardiography (TTE), and cardiac MRI (CMR); recurrence often diagnosed without CA.

Findings:

  • Recurrence of TTC is a notable clinical occurrence.
  • Diagnosis of recurrent TTC can sometimes be achieved without invasive CA.
  • The same patient can exhibit varying regional left ventricular involvement during recurrent TTC episodes.

Implications:

  • Variable regional involvement in recurrent TTC provides evidence against specific pathogenetic theories.
  • Findings challenge theories like beta-receptor gradient, wrap-around LAD, and coronary artery spasm.
  • This variability aids in refining our understanding of TTC pathogenesis.