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Combining mutualistic yeast and pathogenic virus--a novel method for codling moth control.

Alan L Knight¹, Peter Witzgall

¹Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA, 98951, USA. Alan.Knight@ARS.USDA.GOV

Journal of Chemical Ecology

|July 25, 2013

Summary

Combining codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) with mutualistic yeasts significantly boosts larval mortality. Adding sugar further enhances this novel pest control strategy for apple orchards.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Entomology
Microbial Pest Control
Plant Pathology

Background:

Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) is a major pest of apples.
Mutualistic yeasts are part of the codling moth larval diet.
Insect-pathogenic viruses are used for pest control.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of combining codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) with mutualistic yeasts for insect control.
To determine if sugar enhances the efficacy of the yeast-CpGV combination.
To assess the potential of this combination as a novel plant protection technique.

Main Methods:

Apples were treated with CpGV and one of three yeasts (Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Cryptococcus tephrensis, Aureobasidium pullulans).
Larval mortality and fruit protection were assessed.
Field trials were conducted using CpGV, M. pulcherrima, and sugar.

Main Results:

The combination of CpGV and yeasts significantly increased codling moth larval mortality compared to CpGV alone.
All three tested yeasts equally enhanced CpGV activity.
Adding brown cane sugar to the yeast-CpGV treatment further increased larval mortality and fruit protection.
Field trials confirmed reduced fruit injury and larval survival with the combined treatment.

Conclusions:

Mutualistic yeasts enhance the ingestion of insect-pathogenic viruses by codling moth larvae.
The combination of CpGV, mutualistic yeasts, and sugar represents a promising novel plant protection technique.
This integrated approach has the potential to significantly contribute to future insect management strategies.