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Updated: May 9, 2026
Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
Published on: June 23, 2015
Urinary infections in children
Om Prakash Mishra1, Abhishek Abhinay, Rajniti Prasad
1Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India, opmpedia@yahoo.co.uk.
Insights
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children require prompt diagnosis and imaging for accurate management. Early treatment and prevention of recurrent UTIs are crucial to avoid long-term kidney damage and complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent condition in pediatric populations.
- Demographic and clinical presentations of UTI vary significantly with age, from non-specific symptoms in neonates to clear UTI signs in older children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To emphasize the importance of rapid diagnosis and early treatment of UTIs in children.
- To highlight the role of imaging modalities in evaluating congenital anomalies and complications.
- To discuss strategies for preventing recurrent UTIs and subsequent renal damage.
Main Methods:
- Clinical assessment based on age-specific presentations.
- Diagnostic imaging including ultrasound, voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scans.
- Management strategies involving chemoprophylaxis and surgical intervention.
Main Results:
- Imaging is essential for detecting congenital anomalies, obstructive uropathy, vesicoureteric reflux (VUR), and renal scarring.
- Early identification of children needing surgery is vital for preventing recurrent UTIs.
- Graded management of VUR (chemoprophylaxis for lower grades, surgery for higher grades) is key.
Conclusions:
- Prompt diagnosis and management of pediatric UTIs are critical.
- Appropriate use of imaging aids in identifying underlying causes and guiding treatment.
- Effective management, including addressing VUR, prevents renal scarring, hypertension, and renal insufficiency later in life.
Abstract:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in infants and children. During infancy, boys are more commonly affected than girls and thereafter, female preponderance is found. Presentation varies among different age groups. Clinical features in neonates and young infants are non-specific, manifest as septicemia where a high index of suspicion is needed. Older children typically present as simple or complicated UTI. Rapid diagnosis, institution of early treatment and further evaluation by imaging modalities are of utmost importance. The prevention of recurrent UTI and detection of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract are major objectives in the management. Use of ultrasound is required to detect underlying congenital abnormalities, whereas voiding cystourethrogram and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan are useful in the diagnosis of obstructive uropathy and vesicoureteric reflux and renal scar, respectively. The children requiring surgical interventions are to be recognised early to prevent recurrent UTI. The treatment of vesicoureteric reflux by chemoprophylaxis in lower grades and surgical treatment in higher grades are important consideration in prevention of recurrent UTI. This is required to prevent renal parenchymal damage and scarring that can cause hypertension and progressive renal insufficiency in later life.
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