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HIV with juvenile dermatomyositis.

Varun Kumar Sharma¹, Aanchal Kakkar, Rakesh Lodha

¹Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India, drvarun1983@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|July 25, 2013

Summary

Dermatomyositis, a rare autoimmune condition, is infrequently seen with HIV infection. This case study details an 8-year-old boy with dermatomyositis and HIV who improved with steroids and methotrexate.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric rheumatology
Infectious diseases
Dermatology

Background:

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.
Co-occurrence of dermatomyositis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is exceptionally rare.
Understanding this rare association is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Observation:

An 8-year-old boy presented with characteristic skin rashes, edema, and proximal muscle weakness.
The patient also had a polymicrobial infection and mild immunosuppression.
Clinical presentation suggested an overlap of inflammatory and infectious processes.

Findings:

Diagnostic workup revealed elevated muscle enzymes, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings suggestive of myositis, and histopathological confirmation via muscle biopsy.
The diagnosis of dermatomyositis was established despite the concurrent HIV infection.
The patient exhibited a positive response to treatment.

Implications:

This case highlights the possibility of dermatomyositis occurring in pediatric patients with HIV.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, including systemic steroids and methotrexate, can lead to favorable outcomes.
Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential pathogenetic links between HIV and dermatomyositis.