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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
12:18

Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys

Published on: June 27, 2022

Void coalescence in core/alloy nanoparticles with stainless interfaces.

Wenjie Wu1, Mathew M Maye

  • 1Syracuse University, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Oxidation of Fe/FeCr nanoparticles with stainless steel interfaces creates a self-passivating oxide layer. This process enables control over nanoparticle morphology, forming a stable core-void-shell structure.

Keywords:
core-void-shellcore/alloykirkendallstainlessvacancy coalescence

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Co-localizing Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Other Microscopies and Spectroscopies: Selected Applications in Corrosion Characterization of Alloys
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
08:58

Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

Published on: March 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Nanoparticles with core/alloy microstructures are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding oxidation behavior is key to controlling nanoparticle properties.
  • Stainless steel interfaces offer unique passivation characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the oxidation properties of Fe/FeCr nanoparticles with stainless steel-like interfaces.
  • To explore the morphological transformations induced by surface oxidation.
  • To determine the potential for tailoring nanoparticle structure via controlled diffusion.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of 15-nm Fe/FeCr nanoparticles with a stainless steel-like interface.
  • Induction of morphological transformation through surface oxidation.
  • Analysis of oxide passivation and vacancy coalescence mechanisms.
  • Investigation of Kirkendall diffusion effects on nanoparticle structure.

Main Results:

  • Observed unique morphological transformation driven by oxidation, passivation, and vacancy coalescence.
  • Demonstrated tailorable oxide layer thickness, Fe-core size, and void characteristics.
  • Identified self-limited diffusion due to interfacial FeCr oxide passivation, similar to bulk stainless steel.
  • Achieved a highly uniform and stable core-void-shell morphology.

Conclusions:

  • The interfacial FeCr oxide layer effectively passivates further oxidation.
  • Kirkendall diffusion provides a mechanism for precise control over nanoparticle morphology.
  • The resulting core-void-shell structure is stable and uniform, suitable for advanced applications.