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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology
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Anthrax: has the clinical milieu changed since 2001?

Amesh A Adalja1

  • 1Center for Biosecurity of UPMC, Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|July 25, 2013
PubMed
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Advances in understanding Bacillus anthracis and its effects have improved treatment options for anthrax patients since 2001. New approaches are available for managing critically ill patients with anthrax.

Keywords:
Anthraxbioterrorism

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Published on: October 3, 2016

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Published on: October 3, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • The 2001 anthrax attacks (Amerithrax) highlighted gaps in knowledge regarding Bacillus anthracis.
  • Significant advancements in understanding anthrax pathogenesis and clinical manifestations have occurred since 2001.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the improvements in knowledge of Bacillus anthracis and its management.
  • To identify therapeutic approaches available in 2012 for critically ill anthrax patients that were not widely used or known in 2001.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies and clinical guidelines published post-2001.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for severe Bacillus anthracis infections.

Main Results:

  • Substantial progress has been made in understanding Bacillus anthracis.
  • Several therapeutic and supportive care strategies have emerged or become more established for managing severe anthrax.

Conclusions:

  • While optimal management is still evolving, significant improvements in treating critically ill anthrax patients are evident.
  • Knowledge gained since 2001 has led to better-informed clinical practice for anthrax.